Instruction to Authors

Submission Checklist

Before submitting your manuscript, please ensure that it complies with the following requirements. Submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines may be returned without review:

  • The manuscript has not been published previously, nor is it under consideration by another journal.

  • The manuscript file is submitted in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx). PDF files are not accepted.

  • Full author details—including names, institutional affiliations, and valid email addresses—are provided for all contributors.

  • Authors accept full responsibility for the accuracy of all data, analyses, interpretations, and conclusions presented.

  • The reference list is complete, formatted correctly, and all sources cited in the manuscript are included.

  • All figures and tables are clearly cited in the text and appropriately labeled.

  • There is no word limit; however, authors should ensure that the manuscript is concise and focused.

  • All figures are of high resolution and suitable for publication.

  • Each author, or at minimum the corresponding author, must have an ORCID iD. If not already registered, create one at: https://info.orcid.org/researchers/

    Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

    To ensure consistency and facilitate a smooth peer-review and publication process, please adhere to the following formatting and style guidelines:

    1. Language

    • All submissions must be written in Standard English.

    • Manuscripts must be submitted in digital format, including all figures, tables, illustrations, photographs, and supplementary documents.

    2. Formatting

    • Use A4 paper, two-column layout, single line spacing, and 1 cm margins on all sides.

    • Number all pages, including tables and figure legends.

    • Position tables and figures close to where they are first cited in the text.

    3. Font and Style Guide

    • Title: Ebrima, Size 16

    • Author Names: Ebrima, Size 12

    • Affiliations: Ebrima, Size 8

    • Abstract & Keywords: Ebrima, Size 10

    • Correspondence, Copyright, Conflicts of Interest: Ebrima, Size 8

    • Main Text: Calibri Light, Size 11, single spacing, two-column format

    4. Figures and Tables

    • All figures and tables from external sources must be properly cited and acknowledged.

    • Each should be numbered consecutively and cited in the text.

    • Ensure that:

      • Figures have clear axes labels, legible text, and are in black for clarity.

      • Photographs are of high quality to avoid loss of contrast in print.

      • Figure titles are placed below the figures; table titles should appear above the tables.

      • Titles should be brief yet descriptive, allowing readers to understand the content independently.

    5. Units, Symbols, and Terminology

    • Use the International System of Units (SI) consistently throughout.

    • Define all abbreviations and acronyms upon first use.

    • Use mathematical symbols and equations only when necessary, ensuring they are clearly defined.

    • Scientific names should be italicized and include the full author citation upon first mention.

    6. Manuscript Structure

    Your manuscript should be organized in the following order:

    1. Title Page

    2. Abstract

    3. Keywords

    4. Introduction

    5. Materials and Methods

    6. Results

    7. Discussion

    8. Conclusion

    9. Acknowledgments

    10. References

    11. Tables, Figures, and Figure Legends (if applicable)

    7. Plagiarism Policy

    • Authors must conduct a plagiarism check using a reliable tool before submission.

    • Manuscripts with:

      • >10% plagiarism will be returned for revision.

      • >40% plagiarism will be automatically rejected.

    • Upon submission, the editorial team will conduct a plagiarism screening to ensure compliance with the journal's ethical standards.